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The example code for AppiumForMac already automates the calculator app, so let's do something different and automate the Activity Monitor instead. I'm using the latest version of macOS (10.14.2), if you are using an earlier version, specific instructions are included in the AppiumForMac Readme. If you do not see AppiumForMac.app in the list of apps, then drag it to the list from Finder.Р вЂќР’В¬heck the checkbox next to AppiumForMac.app. If needed, click the lock to make changes. Open System Preferences > Security & Privacy.Р вЂќР’В¬lick Accessibility in the left hand table. We need to give expanded permissions to AppiumForMac in order for it to work.

Move AppiumForMac.app file into your Applications folder.Р вЂќР вЂћppiumForMac uses the system Accessibility API in order to automate apps.

Unzip the AppiumForMac.zip file by double-clicking it in Finder.

Start by downloading the latest release from here.

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SetupР вЂќР вЂћppium comes bundled with a macOs driver, but the actual AppiumForMac binary is not included, so we need to install it ourselves first:

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Using a project called Appium For Mac Appium can automate native macOs apps.

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Let's see how I can eliminate a bunch of code from the last article and at the same time improve the quality and developer experience of our visual testing.Appium isn't limited to automating mobile systems! As long as there is an open way to interact with a system, a driver can be written for it, and included in Appium. When allowTouchIdEnroll is set to true the Simulator will be enrolled by default, and the Toggle Touch ID Enrollment changes the enrollment state. To enable this feature, the allowTouchIdEnroll desired capability must be set to true. My favorite way to handle them is with a service called Applitools, which specializes in exactly this kind of visual testing. Toggle the simulator being enrolled to accept touchId (iOS Simulator only). Thankfully, we can solve pretty much all of these challenges.

Р Р†Р вЂљР РЉ Making visual testing robust and maintainable This is certainly possible, but it can be pretty finicky. What happens when we want to visually verify a screen which has a list or a scroll view? For this to work, we'd need to use Appium to incrementally scroll, take screenshots, and stitch them together into one long image for comparison.

The current approach doesn't at all handle scrolling content.

Other typical causes for false positives include, for example, dynamic text whose content is irrelevant to the visual check but which does visually change every time the test is run. How long until there are *enough* changes in this part of the UI for a visual test to fail, when in reality nothing changed in our app? In general, we have to worry a lot about *false positives*, which is when we are alerted to a potential problem when none in fact exists. Various bits of the device UI have also changed.

As you can see, it's not just the dislocated 'Login' button which is highlighted.

It would look something like this, which is an example of how things show up when encountering a failure:

In our old system, if we detected a visual difference, an image would be generated for us that shows us where the differences might be.

But this would kill our functional test as well! It's nice for the functional test to continue and for visual differences to be merely flagged for later review rather than cause the whole test to fail. In the case of the logic we implemented, we simply threw an exception when differences were detected.

We had to manage the logic for comparing screenshots to baselines, including deciding what to do when we detected differences.

This is obviously not very scalable, since whole teams would need access to these images, we'd probably want to keep a revision history in case we want to roll back to a previous baseline, etc.

We had to manage our own baseline images by storing them in a directory on the machine running Appium.

Our approach did have a number of limitations, however:

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In the first part of this series, we looked at how to put together a simple but effective homebrew visual testing framework for mobile apps using Appium and Appium's built-in image processing capabilities (thanks, OpenCV!). Check it out! (And don't forget to read the first part in this series first). The inspiration for this series comes from a free online video course on mobile visual testing I produced for Test Automation University. Visual testing is an important category of testing and can catch visual regressions as well as functional bugs. This post is the second in a 3-part series on visual testing with Appium.

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